For books on communications, click here for UK or here for USA.
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| ADSL | Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line. A telephone line with a high download rate (up to 500 kbit/s) but a low upload rate (up to 50 kbit/s). | ||
| AFH | Adaptive Frequency Hopping. | ||
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute. | ||
| API | Application Programming Interface. | ||
| APIPA | Automatic Private IP Addressing. Allows computer to assign its own TCP/IP configuration settings. | ||
| ARP | Address Resolution Protocol. Translating IP addresses into physical hardware addresses. It is located in level 2 (Internet) of the DOD model, also supported by Windows CE. ARP writes to the addresses of network adapters, such as Ethernet controllers. Very important in all LAN connections. | ||
| API | Application Programming Interface. | ||
| ATM | Asynchronous Transfer Mode. Rapidly developing technology that embraces aspects of both WAN's and LAN's. | ||
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| BPSK | Binary Phase Shift Keying Uses two phases of the radio frequency carrier to represent binary data. | ||
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| CaaS | Connectivity-as-a-Service. | ||
| CBRS | Citizens Broadband Radio System. | ||
| CCK | Complemetary Code Keying. | ||
| CDMA | Code Division Multiple Access. | ||
| CODEC | Coder/Decoder. | ||
| CRC | Cycle Redundancy Check. | ||
| CIDR | Classless Inter-Domain Routing: used in supernet models (multiple networks with separate IP addresses) for binding into a network, so that the IP address table can be compressed and limited. Reduces the size of the routing tables used by most Internet routers. | ||
| CSMA | Carrier Sense Multiple Access: listens for carrier before transmitting on a LAN. | ||
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| DAC | Digital Access Code | ||
| DAMPS | Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System | ||
| DECT | Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephone | ||
| DHCP | Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. DHCP provides dynamic assignment of a large number of IP addresses from applications for direct use in the Internet. It is installed as a DHCP server on Windows NT machines, where it extends the Administrator options. It is important if the webserver system has a Windows NT TCP/IP network server installed as an Internet station. | ||
| DOD Internet Levels Protocol Layer | Department of Defense layer model incorporates TCP AND UDP in the transport layer. The application level (level 4) supports the FTP, HTTP, Telnet, NFS, SMTP, NNTP, SNMP and DNS protocols. The Internet level (level 2) supports IP,ARP, DCHP and ICMP, as well as RIP and OSPF. | ||
| DWDM | Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing. DHCP provides dynamic assignment of a large number of IP addresses from applications for direct use in the Internet. It is installed as a DHCP server on Windows NT machines, where it extends the Administrator options. It is important if the webserver system has a Windows NT TCP/IP network server installed as an Internet station. | ||
| DSL | Digital Subscriber Line | ||
| DSSS | Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum | ||
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| EDGE | Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution | ||
| EHF | Extremely High Frequency: 30-300GHz | ||
| EIA | Electronic Industries Alliance | ||
| EIRP | Effective Isotropic Radiated Power | ||
| ETSI | European Telecommunication Standard Institute | ||
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| FCS | Frame Check Sequence. | ||
| FDD | Frequency Domain Duplex. | ||
| FDDI | Fibre Distributed Data Interface. | ||
| FDMA | Frequency Division Multiple Access. | ||
| FER | Frame Error Rate. | ||
| FHSS | Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. A data signal is modulated by a carrier that hops from frequency to frequency as a function of time. A hopping code determines the sequence of frequencies used to transmit and the receiver uses the same code to change the receiving frequency. | ||
| FSK | Frequency Shift Keying. | ||
| FTP | File Transfer Protocol. Transfers files between clients and servers that also allow a station to be externally controlled via the network or cable connection. FTP can be executed via TCP ports 20 and 21, even in command-line mode. | ||
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| GPRS | General Packet Radio System . A mobile phone data technology. | ||
| GSM | Global System for Mobile Communication. | ||
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| HTML | HyperText Markup Language. | ||
| HTTP | HyperText Transfer Protocol. The transfer protocol of the World Wide Web; typically transfers documents generated in HTML. | ||
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| ICMP | Internet Control Message Protocol. Protocol supports diagnostic messages, especially when a network, host or port is inaccessible. | ||
| IGMP | Internet Group Management Protocol. Protocol organises groups of nodes and supports diagnostic and control messages in the network. Used by the ping command. | ||
| IMT2000 | International Mobile Telecommunications 2000. | ||
| Internetwork | The linking of several (local) networks to form a single network; not the same as the Internet. | ||
| IoT | Internet of Things. | ||
| IP | Internetwork Protocol. | ||
| IPX | Internetworking Packet Exchange. | ||
| IPX/SPX | An Internet/Novell standard that is equivalent to TCP/IP and is a protocol for the general Unix standard. | ||
| ISM | Industrial, Scientific and Medical radio band. A license exempt band at 2.4 to 2.483GHz. Divided into 13 channels in the UK and 11 in the USA. | ||
| ITU | International Telecommunication Union. Formerly known as the CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique). | ||
| ISDN | Integrated Services Digital Network: Digital coding on the telephone line. | ||
| ISO | International Standards Organisation | ||
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| LAN | Local Area Network: an Ethernet or Token-Ring network. | ||
| LNA | Low Noise Amplifier | ||
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| MAC | Media Access Control. MAC protocols determine which computer on a network is allowed to transmit data. | ||
| MRAM | Magnetic RAM is a Spintronics device that uses electron spin to store information. | ||
| MIME | Multipart Internet Mail Extensions | ||
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| NAT | Network Address Translation: converts a private network address into a global Internet address with a valid assignment. Very important for a webserver located in a LAN. | ||
| NetBEUI | NetBIOS Extended User Interface: a small but fast protocol developed by IBM and Microsoft in the mid-1980s. It is faster than TCP/IP and IPX/SPX and requires a small amount of memory overhead on each computer. Good for small networks, up to 50 computers. | ||
| NFS | Network File Server: allows the file directories of external stations to be linked to a local file system; primarily suitable for Unix applications. | ||
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| ODBC | Open Database Connectivity. | ||
| OSI | Open Systems Interconnection. | ||
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| RARP | Reverse Address Resolution Protocol A protocol used to locate a network computer's IP address when using its hardware address. The IP address is found from an external source, e.g. a RARP server. RARP is defined in RFC 903. | ||
| RFID | Radio Frequency Identification A technique used to encode digital data in RFID tags or smart labels that are captured by a reader via radio waves. | ||
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| SAN | Storage-Area Networks. A dedicated, high performance network to move data between servers and storage resources. | ||
| SAP | Service Advertising Protocol. | ||
| SDH | Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. | ||
| SGML | Standard Generalized Markup Language. | ||
| SHF | Super High Frequency.: 3-30GHz. | ||
| SMTP | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol. | ||
| SNMP | Simple Network Management Protocol. | ||
| SOAP | Simple Object Access Protocol. Protocol that defines the communication between Web Services clients and servers. | ||
| SONET | Synchronous Optical Network | ||
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| TCP | Transmission Control Protocol | ||
| TDD | Time Domain Duplex | ||
| TDMA | Time Division Multiple Access | ||
| TD-SCDMA | Time Domain - Synchronised CDMA | ||
| Telnet | A protocol that supports remote terminal access. | ||
| TIA | Telecommunications Industry Association. | ||
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| UDDI | Universal Description, Discovery and Integration. Defines how potential users and their applications find the Web Services. | ||
| UDP | User Datagram Protocol. A protocol similar to TCP except that it does not provide the guaranteed delivery of data. | ||
| UE | User Equipment | ||
| UMTS | Universal Mobile Telecommunications System. | ||
| UTRA | UMTS Terrestial Radio Access | ||
| UWCC | Universal Wireless Communication Consortium. | ||
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| VPN | Virtual Private Network | ||
| VoIP | Voice over Internet Protocol Transmitting phone calls over the Internet. | ||
| UTRA | UMTS Terrestial Radio Access | ||
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| WAN | Wide Area Networks | ||
| UDDI | Winsock. The generic name for the application file (usually WINSOCK.DLL) that installs the Internet protocols. | ||
| WAP | Wireless Access Protocol | ||
| Wi-Fi | Wireless Fildelity. Wireless local-area networking using the 802.11b standard. | ||
| WSDL | Web Services Definition Language. Defines how a Web Service describes itself to potential users and their application. | ||
| WTP | Wireless Transaction Protocol. | ||
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| X.25 | The main packet switching standard used around the world. It describes the subscriber interface to a connection-oriented packet-switched network. It is a three layered (transmission, organisation and routing) protocol. | ||
| XML | eXtensible Markup Language. Defines how Web Services clients and servers exchange potentially complex data. | ||
| XSLT | eXtensible Stylesheet Language Transformations. An XML-based language for transforming XML tages into either HTML or an alternate set of XML tags. | ||
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CCNA Command Quick Reference | |||
 Click here for UK or USA |
 Click here for UK or USA. |
 Click here for UK or USA. |
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